A comparative analysis of language used in social media about Saudi Arabia before and during 2023

The objective of the present study was to examine the evolution of language utilized on social media platforms about Saudi Arabia, both before and during 2023. By employing comparative analysis, the current research aimed to determine notable variances in narrative structures employed during these time periods. Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram were utilized and Saudi Arabia-related keywords and has htags were used to search social media sites for postings and debates on politics, the economy, culture, and social issues. Data were analyzed through sentiment analysis, topic modeling, keyword identification, linguistic feature extraction, and discourse analysis techniques. During 2023, positive sentiment increased significantly, with words like "tourism development," "economic reforms," "social progress," and "cultural initiatives" becoming more popular, indicating innovation, progress, and achievement. Social media platforms have significantly influenced global discourse on Saudi Arabia, utilizing different languages to express perspectives and news, shaping global perceptions, fostering cross-cultural understanding, and promoting global dialogue.