Wearable electrochemical glucose sensor based on flexible electronics

The precise glucose regulation, a glucose being an essential energy in biological systems, is fundamental to metabolic homeostasis. Dysregulation of glucose levels is intricately connected to diabetes mellitus. This study overviews a rigorous and comprehensive review of wearable glucose sensors, with a particular emphasis on the incorporation of flexible and stretchable electronics. Sensors that are capable of detecting glucose concentrations in various biofluids including sweat, tears, and saliva, mark a significant advancement from conventional invasive monitoring techniques. By enabling non-invasive and patient-centric glucose monitoring, these devices shift a paradigm in the management of diabetes. The recent development of highly flexible and stretchable sensors has substantially improved the usability and comfort of these devices, mitigating the challenges associated with frequent invasive blood sampling. This review elucidates the implications of improved technologies for enhancing patient care through comfortable glucose monitoring. Furthermore, the novelty of this study is underscored by its detailed inspection of the integration of the design of wearable glucose sensors, suggesting valuable insights and presenting new pathways for the advancement of wearable healthcare technologies, such as non-invasive glucose monitoring.