Microbial modulation of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Microbial communities significantly produce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, which are attributes of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, parkinson’s disease, and alzheimer's disease. The gut-brain axis (GBA) serves as a significant barrier, with gut microbiota modulating microglial activation, cytokine production, and blood-brain barrier integrity. Specific microbial taxa, including Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, produce pro-inflammatory metabolites, regulating the immune system and exacerbating neuroinflammation, while pathogenic microbes like Herpesviruses and Chlamydia contribute to neurodegeneration. Understanding this complex interplay has profound implications for therapeutic intervention and disease management. This offers promising avenues via microbiome-targeted therapies, novel biomarkers, and elucidation of the microbiome-neuroinflammation axis, underscoring the need for further investigation into microbial modulation to develop innovative strategies against neurological disorders.