The Paracel Islands under the sovereignty of Vietnam through French dictionaries the period from 1820-1840

In addition to geography textbooks for the national education system from elementary to university, works on geography, zoology, ethnographic descriptions, chronicles of various fields, navigation guides, world travel, research and annotation of Chinese maps, encyclopedias; In the period 1820 - 1840, in France, there were many dictionaries mentioning the Hoang Sa archipelago near the coast of Cochinchine/Dang Trong and belonging to the maritime territory of the "Empire of Annam". All of these publications form a very consistent body of geographical scientific knowledge in affirming that the Hoang Sa archipelago (including the Truong Sa archipelago) has been under the sovereignty of Vietnam since the early 19th century. In this article, the main topics from the dictionaries we introduce are related to the recognition of the Hoang Sa archipelago located in the geographical territory near the "golden coast of Cochinchine/Dang Trong"; recognition of the historical exploitation sovereignty of the indigenous people and the territorial sovereignty of the unified "Empire of Annam" over this archipelago.